Examination & Cross Examination of Expert witnesses

Mastering Witness Examination in Arbitration: Insights from the CIArb Kenya at 40 Conference

During the CIArb Kenya at 40 Conference, an engaging and practical session was held on the Examination and Cross-Examination of Witnesses in Arbitration, moderated by Hon. Arch. Sylvia Kasanga, FCIArb. The session featured renowned experts Mr. James Holden and Dr. Wilfred Mutubwa, OGW, C.Arb, FCIArb, who unpacked the critical techniques and strategies every arbitration practitioner should master.

Setting the Stage

Hon. Kasanga welcomed participants and introduced the panellists before giving a concise overview of the role and value of witness examination in arbitral proceedings. She then handed the floor over to Mr. Holden to begin the discussion.

Mr. James Holden: The Art of Examining Expert Witnesses

Mr. Holden offered an insightful presentation on how to effectively examine expert witnesses. He emphasized the importance of using short, leading questions that guide the expert towards clear, concise responses. According to him, the best questions are those where the expected answers are already anticipated.

Key highlights included:

  • Avoiding assumptions: Base your questioning on established facts to prevent building a flawed case.
  • Establishing a strong foundation before diving into critical points of testimony.
  • Clarity over complexity: Make your case through your questioning, without letting the expert challenge your framing.
  • Owning the room: Stay calm, intentional, and always mindful of how your line of questioning shapes the tribunal’s perception.
  • Ultimately, the arbitrator should craft a transcript that reflects control and clarity, leaving the tribunal with the impression of a strong, winning case.

Dr. Wilfred Mutubwa: Strategic Cross-Examination

Dr. Mutubwa followed with a powerful breakdown of the principles of cross-examination, describing it as a vital tool for revealing truth and testing consistency. He emphasized that no two tribunals are the same and that an arbitrator’s skill in cross-examination often determines their credibility.

He outlined several key rules:

  1. Never ask a question you haven’t thought through—predict the answer.
  2. Avoid open-ended questions—keep control of the narrative.
  3. Always know the point of each question—don’t ask for the sake of asking.
  4. Preparation is non-negotiable—know the case, the witness, and the desired outcome.

He also spoke on:

  • Using clear diction and structure in framing questions.
  • Understanding the background of the witness to craft relevant questions.
  • Leveraging the 5Ws and 1H (What, Why, When, Where, Who, and How) for impactful communication.

Dr. Mutubwa concluded by advising arbitrators to end with their strongest point, ensuring that their case concludes on a high and persuasive note.

Closing Reflections

The session concluded with closing remarks from Hon. Kasanga and a brief gifting ceremony to thank the panellists for their contributions. Participants walked away with deeper insights into the nuanced and strategic nature of witness handling in arbitration.

This session was one of the many highlights of the CIArb Kenya at 40 Conference, reflecting our continued commitment to excellence in dispute resolution practice. Stay connected with CIArb Kenya for more training, insights, and opportunities in arbitration and ADR.

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